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Evidence From Published Scientific Articles In Peer Journals
INTRODUCTION
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global chronic progressive pandemic. According to the CDC’s (Centers for Disease Control), National Diabetes Statistics reported the cases of diabetes have risen to an estimated 34.2 million in 2020. In 2017, diabetes become the seventh leading cause of death in the United States as reported from 83,564 death certificates. Patients with diabetes have increased risk of serious health complications including myocardial infarction, stroke, kidney failure, vision loss, and premature death. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2030, the mortality among diabetics will double in number (1). The pathophysiology of T2DM occurred due impaired insulin secretion, resistance to tissue actions of insulin, or a combination of both. T2DM is a major contributor to non-infectious diseases in both developed and developing countries.
The use of Natural Health products is known throughout the history for healthy lifestyle and healing a variety of chronic diseases. The oral delivery of NHF has been successfully used for the management and controlling blood sugar and associated complications. Synergistic effects of different natural herbal formulations tend to be highly powerful rather than the use of one or two mixes. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 80% of populations in developing countries rely on traditional medicines, mostly herbal medicines for their primary health care needs (2). Despite progress in the management of DM by synthetic drugs, most of these drugs have side effects in the long run. So, the search for improved and safe natural anti-diabetic agents is ongoing and WHO has also recommended the development of herbal medicine in this concern (2)
The present novel synergism of different herbal formulation aiming to manage, and control Diabetes Mellitus and its complications such as associated Microvascular dysfunction, Inflammation, bowel movements, urination, and fatigue. Herbal formulations were selected based on scientific evidence and experiences of people around the globe throughout history. The First herbal formulation includes , Ginger, wheatgrass, Turmeric (Curcumin), Moringa, Echinacea, coriander , and Fennel.
REFERENCES
CURCUMIN
CURCUMIN
Curcumin is a bioactive compound of turmeric, has been used to treat T2D [16 -17] and can play an essential role to prevent T2D in humans [17]. Curcumin showed to reverse inflammatory and metabolic disorders associated with obesity and improves glycemic control in mouse models of type 2 diabetes [18, 20]. Turmeric also increases postprandial serum insulin levels to maintain blood glucose levels in healthy subjects [19]. Scientific evidence showed that curcumin improves T2D via regulation of insulin resistance and 𝛽-cell function [21]. An antioxidant protein (turmerin) identified from turmeric inhibits 𝛼-glucosidase activity [22].
The antidiabetic actions likely occurred by turmeric via the regulation of insulin resistance, 𝛽-cell function, and gut absorption. When healthy individual take curcumin supplements, they showed a great improve in Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) and thus endothelial function due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [23]. The anti-inflammatory properties occurred due to the prevention of formation of reactive oxygen species, stabilization of nitric oxide synthase activity, and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and lipoxygenase [24-29] Stabilization of nitric oxide synthase helps maintain nitric oxide levels needed for endothelial function. Some of the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin have also been attributed to its ability to improve endothelial function and leukocyte adhesion molecule in endothelial cells [30,31]. Healthy endothelial cells can prevent the adhesion of platelets. Curcumin plays a great role to prevent platelet adhesion to brain microvascular endothelial cells [32].
REFERENCES
16. Jordan RA, Seth L, CaseboltP, Hayes MJ, Wilen MM, et al. Rapidly developing tolerance to transdermal nitroglycerin in congestive heart failure. Annals of Internal Medicine 104: 295- 298, 1986
17. Weisberg, S. P., Leibel, R., and Tortoriello, D. V., “Dietary curcumin significantly improves obesity-associated inflammation and diabetes in mouse models of diabesity,” Endocrinology, vol. 149, no. 7, pp. 3549–3558, 2008.
18. Weisberg, S. P., Leibel, R., and Tortoriello, D. V., “Dietary curcumin significantly improves obesity-associated inflammation and diabetes in mouse models of diabesity,” Endocrinology, vol. 149, no. 7, pp. 3549–3558, 2008.
20. Madkor, H. R., Mansour, S. W., and Ramadan, G.,“Modulatoryeffects of garlic, ginger, turmeric and their mixture on hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocinnicotinamidediabetic rats,” British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 105, no. 8, pp. 1210–1217, 2011.
21. Wickenberg, J., Ingemansson, S. L., and Hlebowicz, J.,“Effects of Curcuma longa (turmeric) on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin inhealthysubjects,” Nutrition Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, article 43, 2010.
22. Lekshmi, P. C., Arimboor, R., Indulekha, V, and Menon, N. A., “Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) volatile oil inhibits key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes,” International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 832–834, 2012.
23. Changal K, H, Khan M, S, Bashir R, Sheikh M, A: Curcumin Preparations Can Improve Flow-Mediated Dilation and Endothelial Function: A Meta-Analysis. Complement Med Res 2020;27:272-281. doi: 10.1159/000506180
24. Brouet I, Ohshima H. Curcumin, an anti-tumourpromoter and anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Jan; 206(2): 533–40.
25. Kang G, Kong PJ, Yuh YJ, Lim SY, Yim SV, Chun W, et al. Curcumin suppresses lipopolysaccharide- induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression by inhibiting activator protein 1 and nuclear factor kappabbindings in BV2 microglial cells. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Mar; 94(3): 325–8.
26. Li CJ, Zhang LJ, Dezube BJ, Crumpacker CS, Pardee AB. Three inhibitors of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat- directed gene expression and virus replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993 Mar; 90(5): 1839–42.
27. Sharma OP. Antioxidant activity of curcumin and related compounds. Biochem Pharmacol. 1976 Aug; 25(15): 1811–2.
28. Sidhu GS, Mani H, Gaddipati JP, Singh AK, Seth P, Banaudha KK, et al. Curcumin enhances wound healing in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and genetically diabetic mice. Wound Repair Regen. 1999 Sep-Oct; 7(5): 362–74.
29. Nakmareong S, Kukongviriyapan U, Pakdeechote P, Donpunha W, Kukongviriyapan V, Kongyingyoes B, et al. Antioxidant and vascular protective effects of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin in rats with L-NAME-induced hypertension. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2011 May; 383(5): 519–29.
30. Gupta B, Ghosh B. Curcuma longa inhibits TNF-alpha induced expression of adhesion molecules on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1999 Nov; 21(11): 745–57.
31. Kunnumakkara AB, Anand P, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin inhibits proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis of different cancers through interaction with multiple cell signaling proteins. Cancer Lett. 2008 Oct; 269(2): 199–225.
32. Van Zanten PD, Sixma JJ. Platelets and their factors. Springer; 1997. pp. 61–81.
